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Indian Railway Finance Corporation
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Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited was incorporated on December 12, 1986, as a Public Limited Company. Thereafter, The Company received a Certificate of Commencement of Business from the RoC on December 23, 1986. The MCA, through its notification dated October 8, 1993, classified the Company as a Public Financial Institution and subsequently, Company was registered with RBI to carry on the business of a non-banking financial institution, pursuant to a certificate of registration dated February 16, 1998. Dated March 17, 2008, RBI classified Company as a non-deposit accepting asset finance non-banking financial company. Thereafter, Company got reclassified as an NBFC-ND-IFC by RBI, through a fresh Certificate of Registration dated November 22, 2010.
Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC) is a Schedule A' Public Sector Enterprise under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways (MoR), Govt. of India. Since inception in 1986, IRFC has been mobilising funds from domestic and international markets for Indian Railways. The Company has made a huge contribution in the development and growth of Indian Railways and Railway entities including Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL) and IRCON. The President of India along with his nominees holds 100% of the equity share capital.
The Company's principal business is to borrow funds from the financial markets to finance the acquisition / creation of assets which are then leased out to the Indian Railways as finance lease. It is a dedicated market borrowing arm of the Indian Railways. Its primary business is financing the acquisition of rolling stock assets, which includes both powered and unpowered vehicles, for example locomotives, coaches, wagons, trucks, flats, electric multiple units, containers, cranes, trollies of all kinds and other items of rolling stock components as enumerated in the Standard Lease Agreement, leasing of railway infrastructure assets and national projects of the Government of India and lending to other entities under the Ministry of Railways, Government of India (MoR).
The MoR is responsible for the procurement of Rolling Stock Assets and for the improvement, expansion and maintenance of Project Assets. The Company is responsible for raising the finance necessary for such activities. Over the last three decades, the company has played a significant role in supporting the capacity enhancement of the Indian Railways by financing a proportion of its annual plan outlay. The Union Budget proposed a capital expenditure of Rs. 1,602 billion for the Indian Railways for Fiscal 2020, which was higher than the capital expenditure (revised estimate) of Rs. 1,388.58 billion in Fiscal 2019. The actual capital expenditure of the Indian Railways was Rs. 1,334 billion in Fiscal 2019. In Fiscal 2019, the company financed Rs. 525.35 billion accounting for 39.38% of the actual capital expenditure of the Indian Railways.
The Company follows a financial leasing model for financing the Rolling Stock Assets. The period of lease with respect to Rolling Stock Assets is typically 30 years comprising a primary period of 15 years followed by a secondary period of 15 years, unless otherwise revised by mutual consent. In terms of the leasing arrangements, the principal amount pertaining to the leased assets is effectively payable during the primary 15 years lease period, along with the weighted average cost of borrowing and a margin determined by the MOR in consultation with the company at the end of each Fiscal. Typically, the weighted average cost of borrowing factors in any expenses incurred by the company with respect to any foreign currency hedging costs and/ or losses (and gains, if any) as well as any hedging costs for interest rate fluctuations. For the second 15 year period, the company charges the Indian Railways a nominal rate which is subject to revision on mutually acceptable terms. The Company also follows a leasing model for Project Assets, which typically provides for lease periods of 30 years.
The total Capital Outlay (Capital Expenditure) of MoR for the year 2020-21 was Rs. 1,55,161 crore out of which IRFC's disbursement against the same was significant at Rs. 1,04,369.00 crore which constitutes 67.43% of total capital outlay for the year 2020-21. In development of additional terminals for handling rail cargos, a new 'Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Cargo Terminal (GCT)' policy was launched on 15 December, 2021.
As on 31st March 2023, 86.36% of the paid-up equity share capital of the Company comprising of 11,28,64,37,000 Equity Shares of Rs. 10/- each were held by President of India acting through administrative ministry i.e., Ministry of Railways (MoR). The balance 13.64% of paid-up equity share capital was held by public.
Indian Railway Finance Corporation share price reflects investor sentiment toward the company and is impacted by various factors such as financial performance, market trends, and economic conditions. Share price is an indicator which shows the current value of the company's shares at which buyers or sellers can transact.
Market capitalization of Indian Railway Finance Corporation indicates the total value of its outstanding shares. Marketcap is calculated by multiplying share price and outstanding shares of the company. It is a helpful metric for assessing the company's size and market Valuation. It also helps investors understand how Indian Railway Finance Corporation is valued compared to its competitors.
Indian Railway Finance Corporation PE ratio helps investors understand what is the market value of each stock compared to Indian Railway Finance Corporation 's earnings. A PE ratio higher than the average industry PE could indicate an overvaluation of the stock, whereas a lower PE compared to the average industry PE could indicate an undervaluation.
The PEG ratio of Indian Railway Finance Corporation evaluates its PE ratio in relation to its growth rate. A PEG ratio of 1 indicates a fair value, a PEG ratio of less than 1 indicates undervaluation, and a PEG ratio of more than 1 indicates overvaluation.
Return on Equity (ROE) measures how effectively Indian Railway Finance Corporation generates profit from shareholders' equity. A higher ROE of more than 20% indicates better financial performance in terms of profitability.
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) evaluates the profitability of Indian Railway Finance Corporation in relation to its capital employed. In simple terms, ROCE provides insight to investors as to how well the company is utilizing the capital deployed. A high ROCE of more than 20% shows that the business is making profitable use of its capital.
Total debt of Indian Railway Finance Corporation shows how much the company owes to either banks or individual creditors. In simple terms, this is the amount the company has to repay. Total debt can be a very useful metric to show the financial health of the company. Total debt more than equity is considered to be a bad sign.
The Debt-to-Equity (DE) ratio of Indian Railway Finance Corporation compares its total debt to shareholders' equity. A higher Debt to Equity ratio could indicate higher financial risk, while a lower ratio suggests that the company is managing its debt efficiently.
CAGR shows the consistent growth rate of Indian Railway Finance Corporation over a specific period, whether it is over a month, a year, or 10 years. It is a key metric to evaluate the company’s long-term growth potential. Main metrics for which CAGR is calculated are net sales, net profit, operating profit, and stock returns.
Technical analysis of Indian Railway Finance Corporation helps investors get an insight into when they can enter or exit the stock. Key components of Indian Railway Finance Corporation Technical Analysis include:
There are usually multiple support levels, but the main support levels for a stock are S1, S2, S3. Support levels indicate price points where stock might get support from buyers, helping the stock stop falling and rise.
There are usually multiple resistance levels, but the main resistance levels for a stock are R1, R2, R3. Resistance levels represent price points where Indian Railway Finance Corporation shares often struggle to rise above due to selling pressure.
Dividends refer to the portion of the company’s profits distributed to its shareholders. Dividends are typically paid out in cash and reflect Indian Railway Finance Corporation ’s financial health and profitability.
Bonus shares are usually given by companies to make the stock more affordable, increase liquidity, boost investor confidence, and more.
Stock split increases the number of its outstanding shares by dividing each existing share into multiple shares. When the company offers a stock split, the face value of the stock reduces in the same proportion as the split ratio.
The financials of Indian Railway Finance Corporation provide a complete view to investors about its net sales, net profit, operating profits, expenses, and overall financial health. Investors can analyze financial data to assess the company’s stability and also understand how the company has been growing financially.
The profit and loss statement of Indian Railway Finance Corporation highlights its net sales, net profit, total expenditure, and operating profits in the current financial year. This Profit and Loss statement is crucial for evaluating the profitability and financial stability of Indian Railway Finance Corporation .
The balance sheet presents a snapshot of Indian Railway Finance Corporation ’s assets, liabilities, and equity of shareholders, providing insights into the financials of the company.
Cashflow statements track the company's cash inflows and outflows over a period. It is an essential tool for understanding how well the company manages its liquidity and finances.
Indian Railway Finance Corporation Net Interest Margin (NIM) tells about the profitability earned by all NBFCs and financial institutions. It represents the income generated by the bank from the difference between the interest earned on loans and the interest paid on public deposits. Net Interest Margin (NIM) is a metric that monitors the profitability generated from a bank's lending activities.
Non-Performing Assets (NPA) indicate the ratio of a bank's loans that are classified as non-performing. A lower NPA ratio reflects stronger asset quality and more effective risk management.
Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is a metric to measure the bank's ability to absorb losses and still remain financially stable. A higher CAR shows that the bank is financially sound and can absorb potential losses.
Gross NPA is the percentage of total non-performing loans before provisioning, while net NPA is the percentage after provisioning. Lower gross and net NPA ratios indicate better loan quality.
Net NPA is the actual losses a bank has incurred due to NPA accounts. Lower the NPA, better the banks can maintain stable income from interest on loans.
CASA ratio tells how much of a bank's total deposits are in both current and savings accounts.
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